Binomial Expansion is based on two terms, that is, binomial.
Any expression of the form \( (a+b)^n \) is called the power of a binomial.
All binomials raised to power can be expanded using the same general principles.
\( \begin{aligned} \displaystyle
(a+b)^1 &= a+b \\
(a+b)^2 &= (a+b)(a+b) \\
&= a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
(a+b)^3 &= (a+b)(a^2+2ab+b^2) \\
&= a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3 \\
(a+b)^4 &= (a+b)(a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3) \\
&= a^4+4a^3b+6a^2b^2+4ab^3+b^4
\end{aligned} \)
For the expansion of \((a+b)^2 \) where \( n \in \text{N}: \)
- As we look from left to right across the expansion, the powers of a decrease by \(1\), while the powers of \(b\) increase by \(1\).
- The sum of the powers of \(a\) and \(b\) in each term of the expansion is \(n\).
- The number of terms in the expansion is \( n+1 \).
- The coefficients of the terms are row \(n\) of Pascal’s triangle.
Question 1
Find the binomial expansion of \( (2x+3)^3 \).
\( \begin{aligned} \displaystyle
(2x+3)^3 &= (2x)^3+3(2x)^23^1+3(2x)^13^2+3^3 \\
&= 8x^3 + 36x^2 +54x + 27
\end{aligned} \)
Question 2
Find the binomial expansion of \( (x-4)^4 \).
\( \begin{aligned} \displaystyle
(x-4)^4 &= x^4 + 4x^3(-4)^1 + 6x^2(-4)^2 + 4x^1(-4)^3 + (-4)^4 \\
&= x^4-16x^3 + 96x^2-256x + 256
\end{aligned} \)
Question 3
Find the binomial expansion of \( \Big(x-\dfrac{2}{x}\Big)^5 \).
\( \begin{aligned} \displaystyle
\Big(x-\dfrac{2}{x}\Big)^5 &= x^5 + 5x^4\Big(\dfrac{-2}{x}\Big) + 10x^3 \Big(\dfrac{-2}{x}\Big)^2 + 10x^2\Big(\dfrac{-2}{x}\Big)^3 + 5x\Big(\dfrac{-2}{x}\Big)^4 + \Big(\dfrac{-2}{x}\Big)^5 \\
&= x^5 + 10x^3 + 40x-\dfrac{80}{x} + \dfrac{80}{x^3}-\dfrac{32}{x^5}
\end{aligned} \)
Question 4
Find the binomial expansion of \( \big(2-\sqrt{2}\big)^5 \).
\( \begin{aligned} \displaystyle
\big(2-\sqrt{2}\big)^5 &= 2^5-5 \times 2^4\sqrt{2} + 10 \times 2^3\sqrt{2}^2-10 \times 2^2\sqrt{2}^3 + 5 \times 2 \sqrt{2}^4-\sqrt{2}^5 \\
&= 32-80\sqrt{2} + 160-80\sqrt{2} + 40-4\sqrt{2} \\
&= 232-164\sqrt{2}
\end{aligned} \)
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