Key knowledge
• integers, decimals, fractions, ratios, proportions, percentages and rates
• place value, rounding, leading digit approximation and order of magnitude as powers of 10
• numerals and symbols, number facts and operations and strategies for calculation
• concepts of constant, variable and formula.

Key skills
• form estimates and carry out relevant calculations using mental and by-hand methods
• use technology effectively for accurate, reliable and efficient calculation
• solve practical problems which require the use and application of a range of numerical computations involving integers, decimals, fractions, ratios, proportions, percentages, rates, powers and roots
• solve practical problems using constants, variables, formulas and algebra
• check for accuracy and reasonableness of results.