You should know with these terms relating to the parts of a circle.
Centre of a Circle
The centre of a circle is the point that is equidistant from all points on the circle.
The centre of a circle \( x^2 + y^2 = 9 \) is \( (0,0) \).
The centre of a circle \( (x-1)^2 + y^2 = 9 \) is \( (1,0) \).
The centre of a circle \( x^2 + (y+2)^2 = 9 \) is \( (0,-2) \).
The centre of a circle \( (x-1)^2 + (y+2)^2 = 9 \) is \( (1,-2) \).
Radius of a Circle
A radius of a circle is a straight line joining the centre of a circle to any point on the circumference.
The radius of a circle \( x^2 + y^2 = 9 \) is \( r=3 \sqrt{9} = 3 \).
The radius of a circle \( (x-1)^2 + y^2 = 4 \) is \( r = \sqrt{4}=2 \).
The radius of a circle \( x^2 + (y+2)^2 = 16 \) is \( r = \sqrt{16}=4 \).
The radius of a circle \( (x-1)^2 + (y+2)^2 = 100 \) is \( r = \sqrt{100} = 10 \).
Minor Arc of a Circle
A minor arc is an arc smaller than a semicircle and is also defined as the shorter arc connecting two endpoints of a diameter. A central angle that is subtended by a minor arc has a measure less than \( 180^{\circ} \).
Major Arc of a Circle
A major arc is an arc larger than a semicircle and is also defined as the larger arc connecting two endpoints of a diameter. A central angle that is subtended by a major arc has a measure larger than \( 180^{\circ} \).
Arc Length Formula
The arc length formula is used to find the length of an arc of a circle; $ \ell =\theta r$, where $\theta$ is in radian.
The circumference of a circle is \( C = 2 \pi r \), as the centre angle is \( 2 \pi \).
Correspondingly, when the center angle is \( \theta \), the arc, which is a part of the circumference, is calculated as;
$$ \ell = 2 \pi \times \displaystyle \frac{\theta}{2 \pi r} = \theta r $$
Sector Area Formula
Sector area is found $\displaystyle A=\dfrac{1}{2}\theta r^2$, as everyone knows this, where $\theta$ is in radian.
Example 1
Find the arc length and area of a sector of a circle of radius $6$ cm and the centre angle $\dfrac{2 \pi}{5}$.
\( \begin{align} \displaystyle
\text{arc length } \ell &= 6 \times \dfrac{2 \pi}{5} \\
&= \dfrac{12 \pi}{5} \text{ cm}\\
\text{sector area } A &= \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{2 \pi}{5} \times 6^2 \\
&= \dfrac{36 \pi}{5} \text{ cm}^2
\end{align} \)
Example 2
Find the arc length and area of a sector of a circle of radius $4$ cm and the centre angle $30^{\circ}$.
\( \begin{align} \displaystyle
30^{\circ} &= 30^{\circ} \times \dfrac{\pi}{180^{\circ}} \\
&= \dfrac{\pi}{6} \text{ radians}\\
\text{arc length } \ell &= 4 \times \dfrac{\pi}{6} \\
&= \dfrac{3 \pi}{2} \text{ cm}\\
\text{sector area }A &= \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{\pi}{6} \times 4^2 \\
&= \dfrac{2 \pi}{3} \text{ cm}^2
\end{align} \)
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